![]() ![]() Generally, prisoners with shorter sentences, stable personalities, and healthy relationships with members of the outside community as well as with fellow inmates who refrain from excess abnormal conduct within the walls are the least prisonized. Further determinants of prisonization include intrapersonal experiences, such as the extent of social relationships work involvement and the acceptance of roles bestowed on the inmate by other social actors in the institution. Prisoners in treatment-oriented facilities tend to exhibit lower degrees of prisonization than do those in custody or discipline-oriented institutions. ![]() The form and orientation of the institution can impact its effect on a person. The variables contributing to prisonization lie both within the offender as well as within the institution. Not all inmates, that is, become prisonized to the same degree. ![]() It has been argued that the prisonization process, to an extent, affects every inmate however, several variables influence to what degree prisonization shapes a person's tenure in the institution. #Correctional contexts contemporary and classical readings freeKnown as the “inmate code,” what is considered unacceptable in the free world may be encouraged and rewarded inside the walls of the institution. However, since the values of the prison are discordant with societal values, prisoners must readjust and learn new norms, rules, and expected patterns of behavior. Just as we all assimilate to the norms, customs, and laws of our society, inmates must assimilate to the self-contained community of a prison. Clemmer characterized the process of prisonization in terms similar to those used by early sociologists to capture processes of socialization and assimilation in communities at large. Clemmer defined prisonization as the assimilation process in prison where inmates take on “in greater or less degree … the folkways, mores, customs, and general culture of the penitentiary” (Clemmer, 1940, p. PRISONIZATION The concept of prisonization was first introduced in 1940 by Clemmer in his book The Prison Community. More recently, efforts at theoretical integration have been proposed. Throughout the second half of the 20th century, studies moved from the general, as in Clemmer's investigation, to the specific, such as Gresham Sykes's (1958) pains of imprisonment and John Irwin and Donald Cressey's (1962) importation model. Beginning with Donald Clemmer's general study of the prison community in 1940, the dynamics of social relationships in the prison have been thoroughly studied and documented. Prison Culture It has long been recognized that, just as there is a culture among citizens in the free world, a separate culture also exists within prison walls. ![]()
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